I. Introduction: The thought of patriotism, honor, pride, and glory walk hand in hand with the idea of dying for your country and with a cause.
A. President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address to the American people in November of 1863.
1. He addressed the people on the brave soldiers who fought and died there on that battlefield and how those men died for a reason, to preserve the United States and give freedom to all.
2. He also addresses how those men should be remembered as and to carry out their work. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_address)
B. The Athenian general Pericles, delivered an oration at the funeral commemoration of the Athenian men who had fought and died for Athens in the Peloponnesian Wars.
1. It was given in the late fifth century at the end of the first Peloponnesian War.
2. He tells of the great men who have died for Athens in order to protect her and allow her great legacy to live on. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles'_Funeral_Oration)
C. Thesis: These two great speeches have many similarities to each other in their content.
II. Both of these speeches have a greta appeal to the patriotism of the men in the armies who fought for what they believed in.
A. Such is the Athens for which these men, in the assertion of their resolve not to lose her, nobly fought and died; and well may every one of their survivors be ready to suffer in her cause." (Pericles). http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pericles-funeralspeech.html
Monday, March 29, 2010
Thursday, March 25, 2010
Could the Roman Empire have risen without the help of slaves?
Could Rome have risen to Power without Slavery?
The Roman Empire, one of the most powerful and vastest empires ever, made up of thousands of people and great leaders and ideas from Julius Caesar to the first Republic ever formed, but how did it get there? The Roman Empire as strong as it was came from humble beginnings as just a small village. With the help of its great leaders, Rome rose to become great. The Roman Empire had many slaves as its inhabitants that did all the work in the fields and fought as gladiators in the Coliseum. The Roman slaves are not included in the Roman history as great, but the slaves undoubtedly played a role in the Romans rise to power in Europe.
The Roman slaves were the keepers of the fields and houses of the Roman patricians, or wealthy class. The slaves were treated almost inhumanly by their masters, receiving lashes for anything and everything that they did or did not do. The scholar John Madden said this about Roman slavery,”(John Madden, Volume 3) Though slavery was a prevailing feature of all Mediterranean countries in antiquity, the Romans had more slaves and depended more on them than any other people.” An estimate shows that almost 1/3 of the entire Roman society was made up of slaves. Although there were so many slaves were treated as the lowest social class in Rome, receiving almost no respect from anyone. Despite poor treatment and no recognition, the slaves were depended on greatly to work the fields year after year and yield great harvests for the Roman Empire. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_slavery#Slavery_in_Rome)
The slaves also served as, as cruel as it sounds, a confidence boost to their masters by making them feel powerful and selling them into the world of being a Gladiator. The Coliseum in Rome is a great building where the gladiators, who were Roman prisoners and slaves, fought against eachother in battle scenes. This provided a source of entertainment to the Roman people. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladiator)
Many of the slaves kept in Rome ended up serving in the Roman army. With so many slaves in Rome, the number of them serving in the army would have been vast numbers that would have undoubtedly served of great use in battle. The Romans were great fighters and the slaves gave them power in numbers that were used to not only intimidate their enemies, but the slaves were trained to be Roman warriors and good soldiers. The Roman slaves were a great asset to the Romans, laying down their lives to defend a country, which was very often not their own. The Roman slaves showed their great numbers and passion through their revolts in which their fighting skills beat off a Roman force on some occasions. The Roman slaves, described as the rebels, have several documents on their revolts. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Servile_War)
The revolt in Sicily is considered a great revolt of the slaves against their Roman masters, and it is described as this:
18. “Soon after, engaging in battle with a general arrived from Rome, Lucius Hypsaeus, who had eight thousand Sicilian troops, the rebels were victorious, since they now numbered twenty thousand. Before long their band reached a total of two hundred thousand, and in numerous battles with the Romans they acquitted themselves well, and failed but seldom.
19. As word of this was bruited about, a revolt of one hundred and fifty slaves, banded together, flared up in Rome, of more than a thousand in Attica, and of yet others in Delos and many other places. But thanks to the speed with which forces were brought up and to the severity of their punitive measures, the magistrates of these communities at once disposed of the rebels and brought to their senses any who were wavering on the verge of revolt. In Sicily, however, the trouble grew.
20. Cities were captured with all their inhabitants, and many armies were cut to pieces by the rebels, until Rupilius, the Roman commander, recovered Tauromenium for the Romans by placing it under strict siege and confining the rebels under conditions of unspeakable duress and famine: conditions such that, beginning by eating the children, they progressed to the women, and did not altogether abstain even from eating one another. It was on this occasion that Rupilius captured Comanus, the brother of Cleon, as he was attempting to escape from the beleaguered city.” (Diodorus Siculus, Books 34/35. 2. 18-20). These sections of Diodorus Siculus’ accounts of the revolt in Siciliy show the fighting strength of the slaves that was evident in the Roman armies.
The slaves in Rome, considered as scum and treated as if they were not human, proved to be a great strength to the Roman Empire, providing their agricultural products, serving as entertainment as gladiators, and being great soldiers in the Roman military force. Without the help of the slaves in Rome, the Roman Empire would not have been able to rise to the level it did.
Works Cited
"Ancient History Sourcebook: Slavery in the Roman Republic." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 25 Mar. 2010..
"First Servile War -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 25 Mar. 2010..
FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 25 Mar. 2010..
"Gladiator -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 25 Mar. 2010..
"MADDEN: Roman Slavery." Internet Archive: Wayback Machine. Web. 25 Mar. 2010..
"Slavery in Antiquity -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 25 Mar. 2010..
The Roman Empire, one of the most powerful and vastest empires ever, made up of thousands of people and great leaders and ideas from Julius Caesar to the first Republic ever formed, but how did it get there? The Roman Empire as strong as it was came from humble beginnings as just a small village. With the help of its great leaders, Rome rose to become great. The Roman Empire had many slaves as its inhabitants that did all the work in the fields and fought as gladiators in the Coliseum. The Roman slaves are not included in the Roman history as great, but the slaves undoubtedly played a role in the Romans rise to power in Europe.
The Roman slaves were the keepers of the fields and houses of the Roman patricians, or wealthy class. The slaves were treated almost inhumanly by their masters, receiving lashes for anything and everything that they did or did not do. The scholar John Madden said this about Roman slavery,”(John Madden, Volume 3) Though slavery was a prevailing feature of all Mediterranean countries in antiquity, the Romans had more slaves and depended more on them than any other people.” An estimate shows that almost 1/3 of the entire Roman society was made up of slaves. Although there were so many slaves were treated as the lowest social class in Rome, receiving almost no respect from anyone. Despite poor treatment and no recognition, the slaves were depended on greatly to work the fields year after year and yield great harvests for the Roman Empire. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_slavery#Slavery_in_Rome)
The slaves also served as, as cruel as it sounds, a confidence boost to their masters by making them feel powerful and selling them into the world of being a Gladiator. The Coliseum in Rome is a great building where the gladiators, who were Roman prisoners and slaves, fought against eachother in battle scenes. This provided a source of entertainment to the Roman people. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladiator)
Many of the slaves kept in Rome ended up serving in the Roman army. With so many slaves in Rome, the number of them serving in the army would have been vast numbers that would have undoubtedly served of great use in battle. The Romans were great fighters and the slaves gave them power in numbers that were used to not only intimidate their enemies, but the slaves were trained to be Roman warriors and good soldiers. The Roman slaves were a great asset to the Romans, laying down their lives to defend a country, which was very often not their own. The Roman slaves showed their great numbers and passion through their revolts in which their fighting skills beat off a Roman force on some occasions. The Roman slaves, described as the rebels, have several documents on their revolts. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Servile_War)
The revolt in Sicily is considered a great revolt of the slaves against their Roman masters, and it is described as this:
18. “Soon after, engaging in battle with a general arrived from Rome, Lucius Hypsaeus, who had eight thousand Sicilian troops, the rebels were victorious, since they now numbered twenty thousand. Before long their band reached a total of two hundred thousand, and in numerous battles with the Romans they acquitted themselves well, and failed but seldom.
19. As word of this was bruited about, a revolt of one hundred and fifty slaves, banded together, flared up in Rome, of more than a thousand in Attica, and of yet others in Delos and many other places. But thanks to the speed with which forces were brought up and to the severity of their punitive measures, the magistrates of these communities at once disposed of the rebels and brought to their senses any who were wavering on the verge of revolt. In Sicily, however, the trouble grew.
20. Cities were captured with all their inhabitants, and many armies were cut to pieces by the rebels, until Rupilius, the Roman commander, recovered Tauromenium for the Romans by placing it under strict siege and confining the rebels under conditions of unspeakable duress and famine: conditions such that, beginning by eating the children, they progressed to the women, and did not altogether abstain even from eating one another. It was on this occasion that Rupilius captured Comanus, the brother of Cleon, as he was attempting to escape from the beleaguered city.” (Diodorus Siculus, Books 34/35. 2. 18-20). These sections of Diodorus Siculus’ accounts of the revolt in Siciliy show the fighting strength of the slaves that was evident in the Roman armies.
The slaves in Rome, considered as scum and treated as if they were not human, proved to be a great strength to the Roman Empire, providing their agricultural products, serving as entertainment as gladiators, and being great soldiers in the Roman military force. Without the help of the slaves in Rome, the Roman Empire would not have been able to rise to the level it did.
Works Cited
"Ancient History Sourcebook: Slavery in the Roman Republic." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 25 Mar. 2010.
"First Servile War -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 25 Mar. 2010.
FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 25 Mar. 2010.
"Gladiator -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 25 Mar. 2010.
"MADDEN: Roman Slavery." Internet Archive: Wayback Machine. Web. 25 Mar. 2010.
"Slavery in Antiquity -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 25 Mar. 2010.
Friday, March 19, 2010
What are the Liberal Arts?
The Liberal Arts were part of the classical education cirriculum. They were things that envocted a basic logic and understanding of 
things instead of specializing in one area. The liberal arts consist of:grammar, rhetoric, logic, geometry, arithmetic, music, and astronomy. The liberal arts were key to the reformation of Europe after the Dark Ages.
Works Cited
"File:Septem-artes-liberales Herrad-von-Landsberg Hortus-deliciarum 1180.jpg -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Mar. 2010..
"Liberal Arts -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Mar. 2010..
things instead of specializing in one area. The liberal arts consist of:grammar, rhetoric, logic, geometry, arithmetic, music, and astronomy. The liberal arts were key to the reformation of Europe after the Dark Ages. Works Cited
"File:Septem-artes-liberales Herrad-von-Landsberg Hortus-deliciarum 1180.jpg -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Mar. 2010.
"Liberal Arts -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Mar. 2010.
Required Daily (from last unit): Summarize and Compare Gibbon to Toynbee on the End of the Roman Empire.
Gibbon explains how the Church and Christianity tied into the fall of the empire. Gibbon states that "if the decline of the Roman empire was hastened by the conversion of Constantine, his victorious religion broke the violence of the fall, and mollified the ferocious temper of the conquerors".(http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html) Gibbons is implying that Rome fell because of Christianity, and because of the new ideas that were rising. It was only a matter of time before the empire met its demise.
Toynbee describes in his writing the rise of the Church and how it came about. Toynbee ultimately believes that Christianity had no effect on the fall of Rome. He thinks this because Rome fell before Christianity had come about and it was before christ was born. Gibbon and him disagree on Rome and how Christianity played a part in its fall. He says, "I think Gibbon's initial error lies in supposing that the ancient civilization of the Graeco-Roman world began to decline in the second century after Christ and that the age of the Antonines was that civilization's highest point." (http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/toynbee.html) Toynbee thinks that Rome had already began its fall in the fifth century B.C. Although, they both agree on the fact the Rome fell from the inside out. Toynbee sees the Roman empire as never really coming to a complete end and Gibbon sees the empire as ending completely.
Citation: Gibbon, Edward. "General Observations on the Fall of the Roman Empire in the West." Medieval Sourcebook. 17 March 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html.
Toynbee, Arnold. "Christianity and Civilization". 17 March 2010. http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/toynbee.html.
Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Ruins-Rome.jpg
Toynbee describes in his writing the rise of the Church and how it came about. Toynbee ultimately believes that Christianity had no effect on the fall of Rome. He thinks this because Rome fell before Christianity had come about and it was before christ was born. Gibbon and him disagree on Rome and how Christianity played a part in its fall. He says, "I think Gibbon's initial error lies in supposing that the ancient civilization of the Graeco-Roman world began to decline in the second century after Christ and that the age of the Antonines was that civilization's highest point." (http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/toynbee.html) Toynbee thinks that Rome had already began its fall in the fifth century B.C. Although, they both agree on the fact the Rome fell from the inside out. Toynbee sees the Roman empire as never really coming to a complete end and Gibbon sees the empire as ending completely.
Citation: Gibbon, Edward. "General Observations on the Fall of the Roman Empire in the West." Medieval Sourcebook. 17 March 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/gibbon-fall.html.
Toynbee, Arnold. "Christianity and Civilization". 17 March 2010. http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/toynbee.html.
Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Ruins-Rome.jpg
Article 7
Article 7: Who’s a Good Guy? Who’s a Bad Guy?
The fight between good and evil has been going on for centuries, but the questions of, “who is the good?” and “who is the bad”, is frequently asked. Good and evil is all just a point of view. To some people what another is doing is evil, but on the other end, that person is just trying to do what is good for his family or country. Good and evil is a popular debate, but the truth is the two sides are all just a point of view and can never be fully decided on until you are put in the other’s shoes.
In history, Vikings are often portrayed as the “bad guy”, and in many cases, rightfully so. The Vikings brutally massacred Christian monks and raided the monasteries to gain their treasures. The Vikings tore through Europe killing hundreds of people. A prayer used by the British monks summarizes how terrifying and dangerous the Vikings were: "From the fury of the Northmen deliver us, O Lord!" The Vikings could have a case for their defense though. The Vikings lived in Scandinavia, one of the harshest environments at the time where it was very cold and the ground was not ideal for tilling to grow plants. In the end, the Vikings were
just out to find a new place for them to live and to get some more money, just the way that this was done is questionable by attacking the monasteries. The Vikings from the north in the end improved the lives of their people and their families so to fully understand these attacks, people need to think about why they are the “bad guys” throughout history, not just that they were the bad guys. (Wikipedia. The Viking Age)
A “good guy” in history are all different. For example Alexander the Great was a hero for Greece, but a “bad guy” for the Persians. The “good guy’ and ‘bad” guy in history are always different based on where each person lives. In modern times, Americans view the terrorists of the Middle East are the bad guys, but in their homes, they are viewed as heroes. A hero in the mind of many is anyone who can protect and save the lives of others, and even those who are the bad guys can do that and be a good guy to others. Our opinion on who is good or bad isn’t going to be the same for everyone because just as everyone is different, so are their opinions and nothing can change that.
A good and bad guy isn’t just a basic principal that everyone will agree with through argument. The good and the bad will always be debated on and no one will ever fully understand who was right and who was wrong simply because there are different motives and people who it affects. The Vikings of the North were a menace to people, but they expanded from un-unified Germanic tribes to become a very strong civilization united by Christianity and founded many new places like Iceland, Greenland, and even ventured into America almost 500 years before Columbus. The Vikings were a hero to their people, but today we look on them as evil and heartless people who attacked the defenseless. Some of this may be true but without taking this in from a different point of view, the world will never be able to solve problems and wars if their ideas are just single minded and narrowed to what they think is good and what is bad. (Heimskringla)
Works Cited
"OMACL: Heimskringla." The Online Medieval & Classical Library. Web. 20 Mar. 2010.
"Viking -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 20 Mar. 2010.
The fight between good and evil has been going on for centuries, but the questions of, “who is the good?” and “who is the bad”, is frequently asked. Good and evil is all just a point of view. To some people what another is doing is evil, but on the other end, that person is just trying to do what is good for his family or country. Good and evil is a popular debate, but the truth is the two sides are all just a point of view and can never be fully decided on until you are put in the other’s shoes.
In history, Vikings are often portrayed as the “bad guy”, and in many cases, rightfully so. The Vikings brutally massacred Christian monks and raided the monasteries to gain their treasures. The Vikings tore through Europe killing hundreds of people. A prayer used by the British monks summarizes how terrifying and dangerous the Vikings were: "From the fury of the Northmen deliver us, O Lord!" The Vikings could have a case for their defense though. The Vikings lived in Scandinavia, one of the harshest environments at the time where it was very cold and the ground was not ideal for tilling to grow plants. In the end, the Vikings were
just out to find a new place for them to live and to get some more money, just the way that this was done is questionable by attacking the monasteries. The Vikings from the north in the end improved the lives of their people and their families so to fully understand these attacks, people need to think about why they are the “bad guys” throughout history, not just that they were the bad guys. (Wikipedia. The Viking Age)
A “good guy” in history are all different. For example Alexander the Great was a hero for Greece, but a “bad guy” for the Persians. The “good guy’ and ‘bad” guy in history are always different based on where each person lives. In modern times, Americans view the terrorists of the Middle East are the bad guys, but in their homes, they are viewed as heroes. A hero in the mind of many is anyone who can protect and save the lives of others, and even those who are the bad guys can do that and be a good guy to others. Our opinion on who is good or bad isn’t going to be the same for everyone because just as everyone is different, so are their opinions and nothing can change that.
A good and bad guy isn’t just a basic principal that everyone will agree with through argument. The good and the bad will always be debated on and no one will ever fully understand who was right and who was wrong simply because there are different motives and people who it affects. The Vikings of the North were a menace to people, but they expanded from un-unified Germanic tribes to become a very strong civilization united by Christianity and founded many new places like Iceland, Greenland, and even ventured into America almost 500 years before Columbus. The Vikings were a hero to their people, but today we look on them as evil and heartless people who attacked the defenseless. Some of this may be true but without taking this in from a different point of view, the world will never be able to solve problems and wars if their ideas are just single minded and narrowed to what they think is good and what is bad. (Heimskringla)
Works Cited
"OMACL: Heimskringla." The Online Medieval & Classical Library. Web. 20 Mar. 2010.
"Viking -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 20 Mar. 2010.
Thursday, March 18, 2010
Give three examples of Charlemagne's influence in the architecture or literature of the Early Middle Ages
After the Dark Ages in Europe Charlemagne, or Charles the Great took the role of a Roman Emperor, trying to bring education, literature, architecture, and other, Charlemagne was an example to follow for other people based on his actions, appearance, manner, and his background. Charles was a large man who took pride in his appearance, had great health, and was caring to his people. He was a well educated man. Charles education is described as this: "Charles had the gift of ready and fluent speech, and could express whatever he had to say with the utmost clearness. He was not satisfied with command of his native language merely, but gave attention to 
study of foreign ones, and in particular was such a master of Latin that he could speak it as well as his native tongue; but he could understand Greek better than he could speak it. He was so eloquent, indeed, that he might have passed for a teacher of eloquence. He most zealously cultivated the liberal arts, held those who taught them in great esteem, and conferred great honours upon them. He took lessons in grammar of the deacon Peter of Pisa, at that time an aged man. Another deacon, Albin of Britain, surnamed Alcuin, a man of Saxon extraction, who was the greatest scholar of the day, was his teacher in other branches of learning. The King spent much time and labour with him studying rhetoric, dialectics, and especially astronomy; he to reckon, and used to investigate the motions of the heavenly bodies most curiously, with an intelligent scrutiny. He also tried to write, and used to keep tablets and blanks in bed under his pillow, that at leisure hours he might accustom his hand to form the letters; however, as he did not begin his efforts in due season, but late in life, they met with ill success."(http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/einhard1.html)
Charlemagne also brought back a sense of the Roman world by spreading education to other and through this, inspire others to take in his example, especially his own
descendants. Charles taught his sons and daughters about not only the fine arts, writing and speech, but he taught the boys how to ride horseback and his daughters to be able to work with thread to create clothing.
Charles was also a very religious man, much like many other Romans. He was a fervent advocate of the Catholic Church and converted all his followers to the religion as well. Charles especially cherished St. Peter's Church in Rome, giving it countless gold, silver, and precious gems in his years of reign. he gave the popes many gifts as well. Being this religious affected the arts that were made in his time by incorporating religious figures and an emphasis on the building of large churches and Cathedrals in his time.
Charles brought back a sense of Roman qualities to his empire and brought the world out of the dark ages through inspiring other to follow in his footsteps and setting up many schools around the world. The Carolingian world had heavy influences of
through the emphasis on religious figures. The architecture was eloquent with many great structures. Charlemagne brought back a sense of eloquence, properness, and art back to the world through his examples.
Works Cited
"Carolingian Architecture -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Mar. 2010..
"Carolingian Art | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." Ow.ly - Shorten Urls, Share Files and Track Visits - Owly. Web. 18 Mar. 2010..
"Carolingian Art -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 19 Mar. 2010..
"The Poetic Edda: Voluspo." Ow.ly - Shorten Urls, Share Files and Track Visits - Owly. Web. 18 Mar. 2010..
study of foreign ones, and in particular was such a master of Latin that he could speak it as well as his native tongue; but he could understand Greek better than he could speak it. He was so eloquent, indeed, that he might have passed for a teacher of eloquence. He most zealously cultivated the liberal arts, held those who taught them in great esteem, and conferred great honours upon them. He took lessons in grammar of the deacon Peter of Pisa, at that time an aged man. Another deacon, Albin of Britain, surnamed Alcuin, a man of Saxon extraction, who was the greatest scholar of the day, was his teacher in other branches of learning. The King spent much time and labour with him studying rhetoric, dialectics, and especially astronomy; he to reckon, and used to investigate the motions of the heavenly bodies most curiously, with an intelligent scrutiny. He also tried to write, and used to keep tablets and blanks in bed under his pillow, that at leisure hours he might accustom his hand to form the letters; however, as he did not begin his efforts in due season, but late in life, they met with ill success."(http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/einhard1.html)Charlemagne also brought back a sense of the Roman world by spreading education to other and through this, inspire others to take in his example, especially his own
descendants. Charles taught his sons and daughters about not only the fine arts, writing and speech, but he taught the boys how to ride horseback and his daughters to be able to work with thread to create clothing. Charles was also a very religious man, much like many other Romans. He was a fervent advocate of the Catholic Church and converted all his followers to the religion as well. Charles especially cherished St. Peter's Church in Rome, giving it countless gold, silver, and precious gems in his years of reign. he gave the popes many gifts as well. Being this religious affected the arts that were made in his time by incorporating religious figures and an emphasis on the building of large churches and Cathedrals in his time.
Charles brought back a sense of Roman qualities to his empire and brought the world out of the dark ages through inspiring other to follow in his footsteps and setting up many schools around the world. The Carolingian world had heavy influences of
through the emphasis on religious figures. The architecture was eloquent with many great structures. Charlemagne brought back a sense of eloquence, properness, and art back to the world through his examples. Works Cited
"Carolingian Architecture -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Mar. 2010.
"Carolingian Art | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." Ow.ly - Shorten Urls, Share Files and Track Visits - Owly. Web. 18 Mar. 2010.
"Carolingian Art -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 19 Mar. 2010.
"The Poetic Edda: Voluspo." Ow.ly - Shorten Urls, Share Files and Track Visits - Owly. Web. 18 Mar. 2010.
What is the Viking Creation Story?
The vikings believed that at the begining of time there was nothings, then Bur lifted the level land and created what they callled Mithgarth. The sun was to the south and it warme dthe eath from the world of fire, or Muspellsheim. There were nine worlds in the vikings mythology: Mithgarth(world or men), Alfheimr(elves), Svartalfaheim(black elves), Vanaheimr(heroes), Muspellheim(world of fire), Jotunheimr(world of giants), 
Niflheim(world of ice), Asgard(where the gods live), Hel(the underworld), Ginnungagap(they believed it was at the end of the ocean that no one had ever been). The first to be made were the giants, then the dwarfs, and the dwafs made humans,and so on until all the worlds were made. There was also a great tree called the Yggdrasil whcih is where Orthin, the king of the gods, killed himself to gain knowledge of how this all came to be from a "Volva", or wise woman. After he comes back from the dead he has knowledge of the runes, which is like the modern alphabet(Poetic Edda).
Works Cited:
"The Poetic Edda: Voluspo." Ow.ly - Shorten Urls, Share Files and Track Visits - Owly. Web. 18 Mar. 2010..
Niflheim(world of ice), Asgard(where the gods live), Hel(the underworld), Ginnungagap(they believed it was at the end of the ocean that no one had ever been). The first to be made were the giants, then the dwarfs, and the dwafs made humans,and so on until all the worlds were made. There was also a great tree called the Yggdrasil whcih is where Orthin, the king of the gods, killed himself to gain knowledge of how this all came to be from a "Volva", or wise woman. After he comes back from the dead he has knowledge of the runes, which is like the modern alphabet(Poetic Edda). Works Cited:
"The Poetic Edda: Voluspo." Ow.ly - Shorten Urls, Share Files and Track Visits - Owly. Web. 18 Mar. 2010.
Friday, March 12, 2010
How does Early Christian and Byzantine portraiture represent both a continuation of and a break from the past?
They represent a break and continuation of the past in several ways. It shows a continuation of the past because they art form is similar to those of Ancient Egyptian painting as the facial portraits put on the mummies. The Fayum portraits were paintings by Greco-Romans that bring back to life the art of ancient Egypt which is a continuation of the past.
The Ravenna Portrait of Justinian represents more of a break from the past because it now puts the Christian element into the artwork with a halo around of of the character's heads. This shows the change from the past believe in many gods to the switch to Christianity with one God who they incorporate in their everday life,
including art.Works Cited
"Ancient Faces: Mummy Portraits from Roman Egypt | Past Exhibitions | The Metropolitan Museum of Art." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 12 Mar. 2010.
"File:Meister Von San Vitale in Ravenna 003.jpg -." Wikimedia Commons. Web. 12 Mar. 2010.
Thursday, March 11, 2010
Article 6- Did the Roman Empire Really "Fall'
The Roman Empire was one of the most powerful empires in the history of the world, but did it really fall? Roman ways of life have stood the tests of time and made all the way into the modern world. Without the influence of Roman ideals, the modern society may have been very different than it is now. Rome set a precedent for future countries all over the world to follow with revolutionary military tactics, governmental policies, and system of justice.
Rome was the home of many great generals like Scipio, Pompeii, and Julius Caesar who used battle tactics that were used for thousands of years to come. The most famous of Rome as an empire was Julius Caesar. Caesar was a politician in the Roman Republic who became the governor of Gaul. As the governor he conquered much of Gaul and traveled as far and England. He was then commanded by the Romans to return to Rome to be tried in a court for his offense against Rome, which was going on a military campaign without permission. He decided that he would bring his army to Rome and take the city. At the time, there was a popular military general named Pompeii. Caesar defeated Pompeii and took control of Rome as the emperor. Caesar was a brilliant military tactician who took control over a great Republic and turned it into an empire. A Roman senator wrote about Caesar: “The despotisms of Cinna and Sulla were brief; the rule of Pompey and of Crassus soon yielded before Caesar; the arms of Lepidus and (Mark) Antony before Augustus; who, when the world was wearied by civil strife, subjected it to empire under the title of "Prince."( Tacitus:
Annals, Book 1 But the successes and reverses of the old Roman people have been recorded by famous historians; and fine intellects were not wanting to describe the times of Augustus, till growing sycophancy scared them away.” This shows that many of the senators did not like Caesar and his second in command Mark Antony, but still, Julius Caesar ushered in a new era for Rome with great military tactics passed on from Rome to countless civilizations to come.
Rome also used governmental policies that changed the world. Rome was once a republic which many of the ideas from it are still used in the modern world. The Roman Empire was one of the first civilizations to elect their leader. After the reign of the “bad Emperors”, a Roman senator suggested that the leaders of Rome should be elected, not just in the blood line. The way of election for the leader is still in use today. Rome made such an impression on the world that the governmental policy of having an elected official has stood the tests of thousands of years and made it to modern society used in our very own government in America (Senate of the Roman Empire, Wikipedia).
The Romans also were the first to have a trial for their criminals instead of just immediately sentencing them to a death. Rome had a law system called the “Twelve Tables” with had the information to do with many situations, like family rights, physical injuries, and others. Rome put in effect a law system and was the first civilization to really be run on the basis of a law system and some form of trial by jury(Roman Empire, Wikipedia).
The Roman Empire may have fallen but it left its legacy on the world and its impact throughout history is still here today. The Romans have left an imprint on the world to follow, not only their shining moments, but also ways to not follow in their mistakes. The Romans Empire did fall, but people need to think about the legacy left on the world and ask themselves, did the Roman Empire really "fall"?
Works Cited
"Ancient History Sourcebook: Tacitus: The End of the Republic." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 11 Mar. 2010..
"Roman Empire -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010.. "Senate of the Roman Empire -."
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010..
Rome was the home of many great generals like Scipio, Pompeii, and Julius Caesar who used battle tactics that were used for thousands of years to come. The most famous of Rome as an empire was Julius Caesar. Caesar was a politician in the Roman Republic who became the governor of Gaul. As the governor he conquered much of Gaul and traveled as far and England. He was then commanded by the Romans to return to Rome to be tried in a court for his offense against Rome, which was going on a military campaign without permission. He decided that he would bring his army to Rome and take the city. At the time, there was a popular military general named Pompeii. Caesar defeated Pompeii and took control of Rome as the emperor. Caesar was a brilliant military tactician who took control over a great Republic and turned it into an empire. A Roman senator wrote about Caesar: “The despotisms of Cinna and Sulla were brief; the rule of Pompey and of Crassus soon yielded before Caesar; the arms of Lepidus and (Mark) Antony before Augustus; who, when the world was wearied by civil strife, subjected it to empire under the title of "Prince."( Tacitus:
Annals, Book 1 But the successes and reverses of the old Roman people have been recorded by famous historians; and fine intellects were not wanting to describe the times of Augustus, till growing sycophancy scared them away.” This shows that many of the senators did not like Caesar and his second in command Mark Antony, but still, Julius Caesar ushered in a new era for Rome with great military tactics passed on from Rome to countless civilizations to come. Rome also used governmental policies that changed the world. Rome was once a republic which many of the ideas from it are still used in the modern world. The Roman Empire was one of the first civilizations to elect their leader. After the reign of the “bad Emperors”, a Roman senator suggested that the leaders of Rome should be elected, not just in the blood line. The way of election for the leader is still in use today. Rome made such an impression on the world that the governmental policy of having an elected official has stood the tests of thousands of years and made it to modern society used in our very own government in America (Senate of the Roman Empire, Wikipedia).
The Romans also were the first to have a trial for their criminals instead of just immediately sentencing them to a death. Rome had a law system called the “Twelve Tables” with had the information to do with many situations, like family rights, physical injuries, and others. Rome put in effect a law system and was the first civilization to really be run on the basis of a law system and some form of trial by jury(Roman Empire, Wikipedia).
The Roman Empire may have fallen but it left its legacy on the world and its impact throughout history is still here today. The Romans have left an imprint on the world to follow, not only their shining moments, but also ways to not follow in their mistakes. The Romans Empire did fall, but people need to think about the legacy left on the world and ask themselves, did the Roman Empire really "fall"?
Works Cited
"Ancient History Sourcebook: Tacitus: The End of the Republic." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 11 Mar. 2010.
"Roman Empire -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010.
Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010.
1.Was Rome better off as an 'empire' than as a republic?
The Roman Republic and Roman Empire both had their pros and cons as to which is better. Rome as a republic was a revolutionary concept that had a set of checks and balances with the power, even fair but not equal representation in the Senate, and basically had a good structure to the government where everyone knew their place. The Roman Republic had great ideas with a law system and a well established senate while still being able to expand their rule.
Rome as an empire expanded much farther than the empire and was very successful in the early years, gradually digressed, and then eventually fell. When Rome was an
empire, it lost the sense f unity because not everyone believed in their leader, unlike in the republic where everyone could be heard and lead their own destiny.
I believe that Rome as a republic was better because it revolutionized the world and changed the belief from a king to many people leading. Their was checks and balances so not one person could become too powerful and become king. The Roman Republic, to me, was a better way for the Romans to go.
Works Cited
"Ancient Rome -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010..
"File:Roman Empire Map.png -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010..
Rome as an empire expanded much farther than the empire and was very successful in the early years, gradually digressed, and then eventually fell. When Rome was an
empire, it lost the sense f unity because not everyone believed in their leader, unlike in the republic where everyone could be heard and lead their own destiny. I believe that Rome as a republic was better because it revolutionized the world and changed the belief from a king to many people leading. Their was checks and balances so not one person could become too powerful and become king. The Roman Republic, to me, was a better way for the Romans to go.
Works Cited
"Ancient Rome -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010.
"File:Roman Empire Map.png -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 11 Mar. 2010.
Game #1 on Rome
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/launch_gms_deathrome.shtml
This game is very interactive and challenging. In the game you are a Roman detective trying to figure out the murderer after a mysterious death in Rome. This game is very appropriate for high school students due to its difficulty, but it should be more suited for younger children as well, with changing difficulty levels. To solve the mystery you have to put together the pieces of the puzzle given to you and listen to the people tell you about what they saw. In the end, you have to put it all together and figure out the mysterious death in Rome.
Game #2 on Greece
http://www.nga.gov/education/classroom/interactive/arcade.htm
This game is well suited for children learning about Greek Gods and Goddesses because it has good imagery. The game involves matching pictures of the Gods to their ancient symbols. This game is relatively easy and good for elementary school children. This game isn't quite up to the level required for higher levels of education. To make this game more effective for higher learning, their should be harder levels and ways to match the gods, perhaps with other Greek symbols and matching ancient scholars with their work. This game is average, but good enough to help out younger children in their studies of Greece.
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
Read Augustus' 'Res Gestae ' paragraphs 19 - 21 and scavenger hunt for as many pictures relating to the places mentioned as you can find
Temple of Divine Julius
Lupercal
Theatre of Pompey
Temple of Castor
Aqueduct
Forum of Augustus and Temple of Mars Ultor
Who was Augustine of Hippo?
Augustine, a Latin church father, is one of the most important figures in the development of Western Christianity. He established "the new ancient faith". In his early years he was heavily influenced by Manichaeism and afterwards by the Neo-Platonism of Plotinus, but after his conversion and baptism, he developed his own approach to philosophy and theology to a variety of methods and different perspectives. He believed that the grace of Christ was indispensable to human freedom and was an advocate for the concepts of original sin and just war.
Works Cited
"Augustine of Hippo -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 10 Mar. 2010.
"Biography of St. Augustine | Christian Classics Ethereal Library." Welcome to the Christian Classics Ethereal Library! | Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Web. 10 Mar. 2010.
Friday, March 5, 2010
Article 5- What is so Ancient About Ancient Rome?
When you think of Rome, what comes to mind? Many people would say Caesar, conquest, first republic. The truth is that ancient Rome and the modern world can be connected to each other in ways many people don’t even think to view Rome as. Rome was the gateway to civilized society and explored the earliest forms for democracy and a code of law, which they called the “Twelve Tables”. Ancient Rome wasn’t just one of the most powerful empires the world had ever seen, but Rome left an imprint on the world and set standards for future countries everywhere with its ideals, government, and way of life.
Romans lived a life of virtue and committed themselves to serving Rome. The set of Roman ideals to live by was called stoicism. This is very similar to the modern day idea for love of you country and the ideals that you follow to be a good citizen called patriotism. The ancient Roman historian describes the Roman Empire as “It goes back beyond 700 years and, after starting from small and humble beginnings, has grown to such dimensions that it begins to be overburdened by its greatness” (Works by Livy, volume 1.) The Roman Empire grew from a small village to a vast empire encompassing almost the entire Mediterranean. The Roman world and the modern world
are not as different as people would assume (Wikipedia.).
Rome had one of the most effective ways to run a government. Rome had a senate which consisted mostly of the wealthy, land-owning men of Rome called patricians, and one commoner, or plebian. The senate was run very much the today’s own version of the senate. The senate of the Roman Republic would create the laws to be passed, and then the one man who represented the plebeians in their post, called “the tribune to the plebs”, had the power to veto the laws passed. This plebian had one of the most important powers in the senate and had the power of the modern day President of the United States. This ability to veto not only prevented a war from breaking out between the plebeians and patricians, but it also was one of the most effective governments in the ancient world and is still in use today.(Wikipedia.)
The Romans also had the first form of a code of law called, “The Twelve Tables”. These laws had the code for the Roman way of life. The different tables had a specific part of society that it would pertain to, they are as follows: Table I- Trails, Table II- Trails continued, Table III- Debt, Table IV- Rights of fathers over the family, Table V- Legal guardianship and inheritance laws, Table VI- Acquisition and possession, Table VII- Land rights, Table VIII- Laws of injury, Table IX- Public law, Table X- Sacred law, Table XI- Supplement I, and Table XII- Supplement II. The laws set up by the Roman Republic have the same structure, but the punishments of the Romans and the modern world are very different (csun.edu).
Rome was the country that set the precedent for nations to come with its revolutionary ideas on the way society should be with one of the first functioning and successful republics, colonies, and laws. Rome changed the world and carried some of the vital ideas thought of by the them all the way to the modern world and how a nation such as the United States has adapted to the Roman ideals of our own form of stoicism, our government, and the same kinds of basic laws that were followed in ancient Rome.
Works Cited
"The History of Rome, Vol. I." University of Virginia Library. Web. 06 Mar. 2010..
"Roman Empire -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 06 Mar. 2010..
"THE TWELVE TABLES." California State University, Northridge. Web. 05 Mar. 2010..
Romans lived a life of virtue and committed themselves to serving Rome. The set of Roman ideals to live by was called stoicism. This is very similar to the modern day idea for love of you country and the ideals that you follow to be a good citizen called patriotism. The ancient Roman historian describes the Roman Empire as “It goes back beyond 700 years and, after starting from small and humble beginnings, has grown to such dimensions that it begins to be overburdened by its greatness” (Works by Livy, volume 1.) The Roman Empire grew from a small village to a vast empire encompassing almost the entire Mediterranean. The Roman world and the modern world
are not as different as people would assume (Wikipedia.). Rome had one of the most effective ways to run a government. Rome had a senate which consisted mostly of the wealthy, land-owning men of Rome called patricians, and one commoner, or plebian. The senate was run very much the today’s own version of the senate. The senate of the Roman Republic would create the laws to be passed, and then the one man who represented the plebeians in their post, called “the tribune to the plebs”, had the power to veto the laws passed. This plebian had one of the most important powers in the senate and had the power of the modern day President of the United States. This ability to veto not only prevented a war from breaking out between the plebeians and patricians, but it also was one of the most effective governments in the ancient world and is still in use today.(Wikipedia.)
The Romans also had the first form of a code of law called, “The Twelve Tables”. These laws had the code for the Roman way of life. The different tables had a specific part of society that it would pertain to, they are as follows: Table I- Trails, Table II- Trails continued, Table III- Debt, Table IV- Rights of fathers over the family, Table V- Legal guardianship and inheritance laws, Table VI- Acquisition and possession, Table VII- Land rights, Table VIII- Laws of injury, Table IX- Public law, Table X- Sacred law, Table XI- Supplement I, and Table XII- Supplement II. The laws set up by the Roman Republic have the same structure, but the punishments of the Romans and the modern world are very different (csun.edu).
Rome was the country that set the precedent for nations to come with its revolutionary ideas on the way society should be with one of the first functioning and successful republics, colonies, and laws. Rome changed the world and carried some of the vital ideas thought of by the them all the way to the modern world and how a nation such as the United States has adapted to the Roman ideals of our own form of stoicism, our government, and the same kinds of basic laws that were followed in ancient Rome.
Works Cited
"The History of Rome, Vol. I." University of Virginia Library. Web. 06 Mar. 2010.
"Roman Empire -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 06 Mar. 2010.
"THE TWELVE TABLES." California State University, Northridge. Web. 05 Mar. 2010.
What were the Romans views on women and children?
Women and children were considered to be a class under the class of men. Men were first and foremost in the eyes of the Romans and many of the 12 tables had to do with the rights of women and children. The tables pertaining to women and children are:
• “IV. 1 "A dreadfully deformed child shall be killed."
• IV. 2 "If a father surrender his son for sale three times, the son shall be free."
• V. 1 "Our ancestors saw fit that "females, by reason of levity of disposition, shall remain in guardianship, even when they have attained their majority."
• VI. 2 Marriage by `usage' (usus): If a man and woman live together continuously for a year, they are considered to be married; the woman legally is treated as the man's daughter.
• X. 4 "Women must not tear cheeks or hold chorus of `Alas!' on account of a funeral."
All of these tables clearly show the definitive line in social stature between women and children and men. The Romans almost consider women as inferior and just objects for men to possess. Children were disrespected in society, the table that states that deformed children shall be killed. Children, unless consider to be an effective asset had to earn their way through society to turn their place in the Roman Republic where a land owning man was considered to be greater than any other person in society, especially women and children(csun.edu).
Works Cited
"THE TWELVE TABLES." California State University, Northridge. Web. 05 Mar. 2010..
• “IV. 1 "A dreadfully deformed child shall be killed."
• IV. 2 "If a father surrender his son for sale three times, the son shall be free."
• V. 1 "Our ancestors saw fit that "females, by reason of levity of disposition, shall remain in guardianship, even when they have attained their majority."
• VI. 2 Marriage by `usage' (usus): If a man and woman live together continuously for a year, they are considered to be married; the woman legally is treated as the man's daughter.
• X. 4 "Women must not tear cheeks or hold chorus of `Alas!' on account of a funeral."
All of these tables clearly show the definitive line in social stature between women and children and men. The Romans almost consider women as inferior and just objects for men to possess. Children were disrespected in society, the table that states that deformed children shall be killed. Children, unless consider to be an effective asset had to earn their way through society to turn their place in the Roman Republic where a land owning man was considered to be greater than any other person in society, especially women and children(csun.edu).
Works Cited
"THE TWELVE TABLES." California State University, Northridge. Web. 05 Mar. 2010.
Thursday, March 4, 2010
Historians: Herodotus, Thucydides, and Livy
Herodotus: Herodotus was an ancient Greek historian who lived in the 5th century B.C. He is regarded as the "Father of History" in Western culture. He was the first historian known to collect his materials , test to see if they were accurate, and put them into vivid narrative. He wrote most of his pieces on the origins of the Persian Wars which occurred in 490 and 480-479 BC.Although some of his stories were not completely accurate, he claimed that he was reporting only what had been told to him. (Wikipedia)
Thucydides: He was a Greek historian and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been called the father of "scientific history" due to his standards of evidence-gathering and analysis in terms of cause and effect.
Thucydides based all of his writing of the in depth research he did, rather than by word of mouth like many other historians. Thuccydides wrote about the Peloponesian Wars because he knew that it was going to be an event that changed the world. (Wikipedia/Thucydides). Livy: Livy was a historian who put all of his efforts into writing about Roman affairs. He wrote about history of Rome and the Roman people, Ab Urbe Condita Libri which means "Chapters from the Foundation of the City,". Livy wrote about everything Roman and put a lot of focus on the Punic Wars between Carthage and Greece with lots of details in all his writings. Livy studied the Romans because he thought that they were the greatest civilization that had ever been formed.(Works by Livy, Volume 1)
Works Cited
"Herodotus -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 Mar. 2010.
"The History of Rome, Vol. I." University of Virginia Library. Web. 04 Mar. 2010.
"Livy -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 Mar. 2010.
"Thucydides -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 04 Mar. 2010.
"Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War,Book 1, Chapter 1." Perseus Digital Library. Web. 04 Mar. 2010.
How was the Struggle of the Orders influential on later Roman politics?
The Struggle of Orders refers to the debate between the patricians and the plebeians in Rome. The dispute was over representation in the Senate. Their was about to be a civil war within Rome until a compromise was made between the two parties. The patricians agreed to give the plebeians one spot in the senate, but that one senator would have a vast amount of power. this seat in the Senate was known has the Tribune to the Plebs. The plebeian senator was the only person in the Senate who had the 
power to veto a law that the senate had put forth. This then vastly changed the Roman senate because now the plebeians were represented and the senate could no longer pass laws hat only applied to the patricians, but now the plebeians could have a very strong voice in the senate and have power similar to the modern day President.The was like a check and balance of power in the senate that has now been passed down through time and still used today.
Works Cited:
"Roman Republic -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 01 Mar. 2010..
"Rome: The Republic." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. Web. 01 Mar. 2010..
power to veto a law that the senate had put forth. This then vastly changed the Roman senate because now the plebeians were represented and the senate could no longer pass laws hat only applied to the patricians, but now the plebeians could have a very strong voice in the senate and have power similar to the modern day President.The was like a check and balance of power in the senate that has now been passed down through time and still used today. Works Cited:
"Roman Republic -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 01 Mar. 2010.
"Rome: The Republic." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. Web. 01 Mar. 2010.
Monday, March 1, 2010
What elements of the Roman Republican political and legal system appear present in the systems of modern democracies?
In Roman society, there are many similarities to the modern world regarding the political system. In both Rome and America, there is a senate, and one person who had the right to veto the laws put forth by the Senate, the modern day President and in Rome there was the tribune to the pleb, who was the only plebeian represented in 
the senate that could veto a law.In Rome they had set up their own system of laws a lot like today's own system with consequences for breaking the law, in Rome they were just much more extreme. The Roman society also had political reresentation by all the different parts of Empire so the entire republic was represented like in today's democracies around the world. (Wikipedia)
Works Cited
"Roman Republic -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 01 Mar. 2010.. "Rome: The Republic." Washington State University - Pullman, Washington. Web. 01 Mar. 2010. .
the senate that could veto a law.In Rome they had set up their own system of laws a lot like today's own system with consequences for breaking the law, in Rome they were just much more extreme. The Roman society also had political reresentation by all the different parts of Empire so the entire republic was represented like in today's democracies around the world. (Wikipedia)Works Cited
"Roman Republic -." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 01 Mar. 2010.
Please write a brief biography of Hannibal and explain whether or not you think his reputation (in Roman eyes) as a monster was deserved.
Hannibal grew up in the African country of Carthage. He was born during the first Punic war which started his hatred for the Romans at a young age. One of his most famous achievements was at the start of the Second Punic War, when he marched an army, which included war elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy. In his first few years in Italy, he won over several Roman allies. Hannibal occupied much of Italy for 15 years, however a Roman invasion of North Africa forced Hannibal to return to Carthage, where he was defeated by Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama. Scipio studied Hannibal's tactics and made his own to counter act Hannibal's tactics. Hannibal is still regarded among the greatest generals through out history like Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Scipio, and Pyrrhus of Epirus. In the eyes of the Roman commoners, I believe that he was right 
to be called a monster because of the amunt of people he killed and the tremendous threat he possed to the Roman Empire. I feel though to the Roman military leaders who could appriciate the genious of his battle tactics, he was a great general and somewhat of a monster because they could fully understand Hannibal unlike the rest of the Roman people.
Works Cited:
"Hannibal -." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 01 Mar. 2010..
"Hannibal." Livius. Articles on Ancient History. Web. 02 Mar. 2010..
to be called a monster because of the amunt of people he killed and the tremendous threat he possed to the Roman Empire. I feel though to the Roman military leaders who could appriciate the genious of his battle tactics, he was a great general and somewhat of a monster because they could fully understand Hannibal unlike the rest of the Roman people. Works Cited:
"Hannibal -." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 01 Mar. 2010.
"Hannibal." Livius. Articles on Ancient History. Web. 02 Mar. 2010.
Notes on Rome
Aeneas- the last surviving soldier of Troy brings his people to Africa and then to Rome. In Africa, the go to Carthage and Aeneas falls in love with the queen there Dido. The Gods tell Aeneas that this is not his destiny and he goes to Rome. Dido is so upset at losing him that she kills herself. When they get to Italy they find people there, the Latins. They have a great war and the Trojans win. The Trojans set up a town called Alba Longa. Alba Longa was the capitol city of the Trojans new country. They were not yet called the Romans yet. The start of Rome is told as there were two twin boys, Romulus and Remus. It is said they were abandoned at birth and a she wolf kept them alive. They had a siblings rivalry to the point where they went to war with each other. Romulus wins and Remus is killed. He founds a city called Rome. It was originally just a village that gradually progressed. There was a civilization just north of Rome. This was the Etruscan civilization. The Etruscan Kings ruled Rome for a period of time. There was an Etruscan king named Tarquin the proud whose son Tarquin the Sixth rapes the wife of a woman of Rome named Lucrtia. There was then a revolt of the Roman people led by Lucius Junius Brutus. He is the man the established the Roman Republic in 509 B.C.E. They divisions of the Roman Republic were the patricians(rich, landowning people that make laws) and the plebeians(commoners). They hated each other to the point where they almost went to civil war. The plebeians and patricians try to find a compromise to prevent war. The compromise is they give the plebeians one seat in the senate. They call this seat the tribune of the plebs. The one plebeian has a lot of power, he is the one senator that has the right to veto a law or bill. That power was put into affect in Rome and is still used today. This opens the era of Roman expansion. Rome would meet you on the battlefield, beat you, then set up a governor, a battalion, and a tax collector then they would leave you alone. They would collect men to be in the army and if they served then they would give them land after 30 years of service. There was a country called Epirus. Their king was Pyrrus. They conquer much of Rome and defeats Rome in almost every battle but he cant win the war. Pyrrus losses so many men that he cant win the war and decides to turn around and go back to Eprius because of his great losses. This then leads to go from a nobody to a somebody. This then leads to the Punic Wars. These wars were between Rome and Carthage. In 264 B.C.E. Roman allies complain about the people of Carthage trying to take power from them. Rome assists and then get into a war with Carthage. They now have much control over the Mediterranean. This then leads into the next Punic War. This was the war with Hannibal.
Herodotus is considered the father of history. He was the first man to go out to people and write history based on observation. He wrote about the Persian Wars. Thucydides was a historian who wrote about the Peloponesian Wars. Unlike Herodotus, he was more of a scholar and really tried to get the story right. Another historian was Livy. He was a Roman historian and he wrote all about the history of Rome. Book 21 of his writings told the story of Hannibal. Hannibal was a general from Carthage. His father fought the Romans and when he was young he made Hannibal swear to hate the Romans. Hannibal took his army through the Pyrenees mountains and takes his army and war elephants across the Alps. He fights his way to Rome and Rome sends its best generals and soldiers to fight him at Cannae. Hannibal had a brilliant battle plan to surround the Romans. 60,000 Romans died. It is to this day one of the greatest victories ever, and the single worst loss ever to Rome. Hannibal gets to about 50 miles away from Rome but he doesn't have the supplies to attack Rome itself. If Rome was seiged at that point History could have been totally different. Hannibal fought the Romans at Zama. This time Hannibal used the war elephants but the Romans let the elephants come and then blew horns ans scared the elephants and turned around back to the Carthaginian army. Scipio defeats Hannibal at the last battle of the second Punic War at Zama. Hannibal fled from Zama but was never able to muster an army to fight Rome again. This brings up the 3rd Punic War. The ROmans are led by Scipio Africanis's son, Scipio Aemilianus. The Romans seige Carthage and completely destroy the city. They destroyed the city, killed everyone in it, and even spread salt all over the land so nothing will ever grow there again.
Herodotus is considered the father of history. He was the first man to go out to people and write history based on observation. He wrote about the Persian Wars. Thucydides was a historian who wrote about the Peloponesian Wars. Unlike Herodotus, he was more of a scholar and really tried to get the story right. Another historian was Livy. He was a Roman historian and he wrote all about the history of Rome. Book 21 of his writings told the story of Hannibal. Hannibal was a general from Carthage. His father fought the Romans and when he was young he made Hannibal swear to hate the Romans. Hannibal took his army through the Pyrenees mountains and takes his army and war elephants across the Alps. He fights his way to Rome and Rome sends its best generals and soldiers to fight him at Cannae. Hannibal had a brilliant battle plan to surround the Romans. 60,000 Romans died. It is to this day one of the greatest victories ever, and the single worst loss ever to Rome. Hannibal gets to about 50 miles away from Rome but he doesn't have the supplies to attack Rome itself. If Rome was seiged at that point History could have been totally different. Hannibal fought the Romans at Zama. This time Hannibal used the war elephants but the Romans let the elephants come and then blew horns ans scared the elephants and turned around back to the Carthaginian army. Scipio defeats Hannibal at the last battle of the second Punic War at Zama. Hannibal fled from Zama but was never able to muster an army to fight Rome again. This brings up the 3rd Punic War. The ROmans are led by Scipio Africanis's son, Scipio Aemilianus. The Romans seige Carthage and completely destroy the city. They destroyed the city, killed everyone in it, and even spread salt all over the land so nothing will ever grow there again.
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